ebab7d0da53c51438720d60c6e2e467c - /page/wikibook/entry.mu

Micron Document

<!DOCTYPE html>

<title>Progressive Adventism</title>

</head>

Progressive Adventism

</h1>

</header>

/* start https://en.wikipedia.org/ */

.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}

/* end https://en.wikipedia.org/ */

</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"Evangelical Adventist" redirects here. For the early Millerite group, see <a href="Evangelical_Adventist_Church" class="mw-redirect" title="Evangelical Adventist Church">Evangelical Adventist Church</a>.</div>

/* start https://en.wikipedia.org/ */

.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}

/* end https://en.wikipedia.org/ */

</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1246091330">

/* start https://en.wikipedia.org/ */

.mw-parser-output .sidebar{width:22em;float:right;clear:right;margin:0.5em 0 1em 1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.2em;text-align:center;line-height:1.4em;font-size:88%;border-collapse:collapse;display:table}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:table!important;float:right!important;margin:0.5em 0 1em 1em!important}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-subgroup{width:100%;margin:0;border-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-left{float:left;clear:left;margin:0.5em 1em 1em 0}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-none{float:none;clear:both;margin:0.5em 1em 1em 0}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-outer-title{padding:0 0.4em 0.2em;font-size:125%;line-height:1.2em;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-top-image{padding:0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-top-caption,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-pretitle-with-top-image,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-caption{padding:0.2em 0.4em 0;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-pretitle{padding:0.4em 0.4em 0;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-title,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{padding:0.2em 0.8em;font-size:145%;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{padding:0.1em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-image{padding:0.2em 0.4em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-heading{padding:0.1em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-content{padding:0 0.5em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-content-with-subgroup{padding:0.1em 0.4em 0.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-above,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-below{padding:0.3em 0.8em;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-collapse .sidebar-above,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-collapse .sidebar-below{border-top:1px solid #aaa;border-bottom:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-navbar{text-align:right;font-size:115%;padding:0 0.4em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-list-title{padding:0 0.4em;text-align:left;font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6em;font-size:105%}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-list-title-c{padding:0 0.4em;text-align:center;margin:0 3.3em}@media(max-width:640px){body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .sidebar{width:100%!important;clear:both;float:none!important;margin-left:0!important;margin-right:0!important}}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .sidebar a>img{max-width:none!important}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}

/* end https://en.wikipedia.org/ */

</style><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile nowraplinks" style="width:17em"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-pretitle">Part of a series on</td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle"><a href="Seventh-day_Adventist_Church" title="Seventh-day Adventist Church">Seventh-day Adventist Church</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image"></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content">

<div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><a href="History_of_the_Seventh-day_Adventist_Church" title="History of the Seventh-day Adventist Church">History</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:left;">

<ul><li><a href="Christianity" title="Christianity">Christianity</a></li>

<li><a href="Protestantism" title="Protestantism">Protestantism</a></li>

<li><a href="Millerism" title="Millerism">Millerism</a></li>

<li><a href="Great_Disappointment" title="Great Disappointment">Great Disappointment</a></li>

<li><a href="1888_Minneapolis_General_Conference_(Adventist)" class="mw-redirect" title="1888 Minneapolis General Conference (Adventist)">1888 General Conference</a></li></ul></div></div></td>

</tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content">

<div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><a href="Seventh-day_Adventist_theology" title="Seventh-day Adventist theology">Theology</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:left;">

<ul><li><a href="28_Fundamental_Beliefs" title="28 Fundamental Beliefs">28 Fundamental Beliefs</a></li>

<li><a href="The_Pillars_of_Adventism" class="mw-redirect" title="The Pillars of Adventism">Pillars</a></li>

<li><a href="Three_Angels'_Messages" title="Three Angels' Messages">Three Angels' Messages</a></li>

<li><a href="Sabbath_in_Seventh-day_Adventism" class="mw-redirect" title="Sabbath in Seventh-day Adventism">Sabbath</a></li>

<li><a href="Seventh-day_Adventist_eschatology" title="Seventh-day Adventist eschatology">Eschatology</a></li>

<li><a href="Investigative_judgment" title="Investigative judgment">Pre-Second Advent Judgment</a></li>

<li><a href="Premillennialism" title="Premillennialism">Premillennialism</a></li>

<li><a href="Christian_conditionalism" title="Christian conditionalism">Conditional immortality</a></li>

<li><a href="Remnant_(Adventist)" class="mw-redirect" title="Remnant (Adventist)">Remnant</a></li></ul></div></div></td>

</tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content">

<div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><a href="Government_of_the_Seventh-day_Adventist_Church" class="mw-redirect" title="Government of the Seventh-day Adventist Church">Organization</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:left;">

<ul><li><a href="General_Conference_of_Seventh-day_Adventists" class="mw-redirect" title="General Conference of Seventh-day Adventists">General Conference</a></li></ul>

Divisions

<ul><li><a href="East-Central_Africa_Division_of_Seventh-day_Adventists" class="mw-redirect" title="East-Central Africa Division of Seventh-day Adventists">East-Central Africa Division</a></li>

<li><a href="Euro-Asia_Division_of_Seventh-day_Adventists" class="mw-redirect" title="Euro-Asia Division of Seventh-day Adventists">Euro-Asia Division</a></li>

<li><a href="Inter-American_Division_of_Seventh-day_Adventists" class="mw-redirect" title="Inter-American Division of Seventh-day Adventists">Inter-American Division</a></li>

<li><a href="Inter-European_Division_of_Seventh-day_Adventists" class="mw-redirect" title="Inter-European Division of Seventh-day Adventists">Inter-European Division</a></li>

<li><a href="North_American_Division_of_Seventh-day_Adventists" class="mw-redirect" title="North American Division of Seventh-day Adventists">North American Division</a></li>

<li><a href="Northern_Asia-Pacific_Division_of_Seventh-day_Adventists" class="mw-redirect" title="Northern Asia-Pacific Division of Seventh-day Adventists">Northern Asia-Pacific Division</a></li>

<li><a href="Southern_Africa-Indian_Ocean_Division_of_Seventh-day_Adventists" class="mw-redirect" title="Southern Africa-Indian Ocean Division of Seventh-day Adventists">Southern Africa-Indian Ocean Division</a></li>

<li><a href="South_American_Division_of_Seventh-day_Adventists" class="mw-redirect" title="South American Division of Seventh-day Adventists">South American Division</a></li>

<li><a href="South_Pacific_Division_of_Seventh-day_Adventists" class="mw-redirect" title="South Pacific Division of Seventh-day Adventists">South Pacific Division</a></li>

<li><a href="Southern_Asia_Division_of_Seventh-day_Adventists" class="mw-redirect" title="Southern Asia Division of Seventh-day Adventists">Southern Asia Division</a></li>

<li><a href="Southern_Asia-Pacific_Division_of_Seventh-day_Adventists" class="mw-redirect" title="Southern Asia-Pacific Division of Seventh-day Adventists">Southern Asia-Pacific Division</a></li>

<li><a href="Trans-European_Division_of_Seventh-day_Adventists" class="mw-redirect" title="Trans-European Division of Seventh-day Adventists">Trans-European Division</a></li>

<li><a href="West-Central_Africa_Division_of_Seventh-day_Adventists" class="mw-redirect" title="West-Central Africa Division of Seventh-day Adventists">West-Central Africa Division</a></li></ul></div></div></td>

</tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content">

<div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><a href="List_of_Seventh-day_Adventist_periodicals" title="List of Seventh-day Adventist periodicals">Periodicals</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:left;">

<ul><li><a href="Adventist_Review" class="mw-redirect" title="Adventist Review">Adventist Review</a></li>

<li><a href="Signs_of_the_Times_(magazine)" title="Signs of the Times (magazine)">Signs of the Times</a></li>

<li><a href="List_of_Ellen_White_writings" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Ellen White writings">List of Ellen White writings</a></li></ul></div></div></td>

</tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content">

<div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)">Service</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:left;">

<ul><li><a href="Adventist_Development_and_Relief_Agency" title="Adventist Development and Relief Agency">Adventist Development and Relief Agency</a></li>

<li><a href="Maranatha_Volunteers_International" title="Maranatha Volunteers International">Maranatha Volunteers International</a></li>

<li><a href="Pathfinders_(Seventh-day_Adventist)" title="Pathfinders (Seventh-day Adventist)">Pathfinders</a></li>

<li><a href="Adventurers_(Seventh-day_Adventist)" title="Adventurers (Seventh-day Adventist)">Adventurers</a></li>

<li><a href="Medical_Cadet_Corps" title="Medical Cadet Corps">Medical Cadet Corps</a></li>

<li><a href="Seventh-day_Adventist_education" title="Seventh-day Adventist education">Seventh-day Adventist education</a>

<ul><li><a href="List_of_Seventh-day_Adventist_secondary_schools" title="List of Seventh-day Adventist secondary schools">Secondary schools</a></li>

<li><a href="List_of_Seventh-day_Adventist_colleges_and_universities" title="List of Seventh-day Adventist colleges and universities">Colleges and universities</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="List_of_Seventh-day_Adventist_hospitals" title="List of Seventh-day Adventist hospitals">Hospitals</a></li></ul></div></div></td>

</tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content">

<div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><a href="Media_ministries_of_the_Seventh-day_Adventist_Church" class="mw-redirect" title="Media ministries of the Seventh-day Adventist Church">Media ministries</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:left;">

<ul><li><a href="Hope_Channel" title="Hope Channel">Hope Channel</a></li>

<li><a href="Loma_Linda_Broadcasting_Network" title="Loma Linda Broadcasting Network">Loma Linda Broadcasting Network</a></li>

<li><a href="It_Is_Written" title="It Is Written">It Is Written</a></li>

<li><a href="Voice_of_Prophecy" title="Voice of Prophecy">Voice of Prophecy</a></li>

<li><a href="Three_Angels_Broadcasting_Network" title="Three Angels Broadcasting Network">Three Angels Broadcasting Network</a></li>

<li><a href="LifeTalk_Radio" title="LifeTalk Radio">LifeTalk Radio</a></li>

<li><a href="Radio_74_Internationale" title="Radio 74 Internationale">Radio 74 Internationale</a></li>

<li><a href="Amazing_Facts" title="Amazing Facts">Amazing Facts</a></li></ul></div></div></td>

</tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content">

<div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><a href="List_of_Seventh-day_Adventists" title="List of Seventh-day Adventists">People</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:left;">

<ul><li><a href="Ellen_G._White" title="Ellen G. White">Ellen G. White</a></li>

<li><a href="James_S._White" title="James S. White">James S. White</a></li>

<li><a href="Joseph_Bates_(Adventist)" title="Joseph Bates (Adventist)">Joseph Bates</a></li>

<li><a href="J._N._Andrews" title="J. N. Andrews">J. N. Andrews</a></li>

<li><a href="Uriah_Smith" title="Uriah Smith">Uriah Smith</a></li>

<li><a href="John_Harvey_Kellogg" title="John Harvey Kellogg">J. H. Kellogg</a></li>

<li><a href="James_Caleb_Jackson" title="James Caleb Jackson">James Caleb Jackson</a></li>

<li><a href="W._C._White" class="mw-redirect" title="W. C. White">W. C. White</a></li>

<li><a href="F._D._Nichol" class="mw-redirect" title="F. D. Nichol">F. D. Nichol</a></li>

<li><a href="M._L._Andreasen" title="M. L. Andreasen">M. L. Andreasen</a></li>

<li><a href="Le_Roy_Froom" title="Le Roy Froom">Le Roy Froom</a></li>

<li><a href="Arthur_L._White" title="Arthur L. White">Arthur L. White</a></li>

<li><a href="George_Vandeman" title="George Vandeman">George Vandeman</a></li>

<li><a href="H._M._S._Richards" title="H. M. S. Richards">H. M. S. Richards</a></li>

<li><a href="Edward_Heppenstall" title="Edward Heppenstall">Edward Heppenstall</a></li>

<li><a href="Herbert_E._Douglass" title="Herbert E. Douglass">Herbert E. Douglass</a></li>

<li><a href="Morris_Venden" title="Morris Venden">Morris Venden</a></li>

<li><a href="Samuele_Bacchiocchi" title="Samuele Bacchiocchi">Samuele Bacchiocchi</a></li>

<li><a href="E._E._Cleveland" title="E. E. Cleveland">E. E. Cleveland</a></li>

<li><a href="Walter_Veith" title="Walter Veith">Walter Veith</a></li>

<li><a href="Mark_Finley" title="Mark Finley">Mark Finley</a></li></ul></div></div></td>

</tr><tr><td class="sidebar-below" style="font-size:smaller;">

<a href="Adventism" title="Adventism">Adventism</a></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">

/* start https://en.wikipedia.org/ */

.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}

/* end https://en.wikipedia.org/ */

</style></td></tr></tbody></table>

Progressive Adventists are members of the <a href="Seventh-day_Adventist_Church" title="Seventh-day Adventist Church">Seventh-day Adventist Church</a> who prefer different emphases or disagree with certain beliefs traditionally held by mainstream Adventism and officially by the church.<a href="#cite_note-1">[1]</a> While they are often described as liberal Adventism by other Adventists, the term "progressive" is generally preferred as a self-description.<a href="#cite_note-2">[2]</a> This article describes terms such as evangelical Adventism, cultural Adventism, charismatic Adventism, and progressive Adventism and others, which are generally related but have distinctions.

Progressives typically disagree with one or more of the church's basic beliefs such as the <a href="Sabbath_in_seventh-day_churches" title="Sabbath in seventh-day churches">Sabbath</a> or "distinctive" beliefs such as the <a href="Investigative_judgment" title="Investigative judgment">investigative judgment</a>, the <a href="Remnant_(Adventist)" class="mw-redirect" title="Remnant (Adventist)">remnant</a>, a future <a href="Seventh-day_Adventist_eschatology#Sunday_law" title="Seventh-day Adventist eschatology">global Sunday-law</a>, or a use of <a href="Ellen_G._White" title="Ellen G. White">Ellen G. White</a>'s writings.<a href="#cite_note-3">[3]</a> They also tend to question some of the denomination's <a href="28_fundamentals" class="mw-redirect" title="28 fundamentals">28 fundamental beliefs</a>: with debate arising on the nature of the <a href="Trinity" title="Trinity">Trinity</a>, perpetuity of the <a href="Biblical_law_in_Seventh-day_Adventism" title="Biblical law in Seventh-day Adventism">Law of God</a>, the <a href="Christology" title="Christology">Nature of Christ</a>, the <a href="Spirit_of_Prophecy_(Adventist)" class="mw-redirect" title="Spirit of Prophecy (Adventist)">Gift of Prophecy</a>, <a href="Creationism" title="Creationism">Creation</a> or observance of the <a href="Seventh-day_Sabbath" class="mw-redirect" title="Seventh-day Sabbath">seventh-day Sabbath</a>."<a href="#cite_note-4">[4]</a><a href="#cite_note-atoday.org-5">[5]</a>

It also has many similarities with the ecumenical <a href="Emerging_church" title="Emerging church">emerging church</a> movement, as both are characterized by their disillusionment with the organized and institutional church.<a href="#cite_note-6">[6]</a> Perceptions and definitions of it may differ somewhat depending on the author, although much in common is also clearly discernible.

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2></div>

The movement emerged with certain interactions with <a href="Evangelicalism" title="Evangelicalism">evangelical</a> Christians in the 1950s, which included the publication of <a href="Questions_on_Doctrine" title="Questions on Doctrine">Questions on Doctrine</a> in 1957.<a href="#cite_note-7">[7]</a> This period marked a shift in the broader Christian world's perception of Adventists, from being viewed as a sect to being more commonly accepted as a legitimate Christian denomination. The term "progressive Adventist" was first used in the mid-1960s in <a href="Spectrum_(magazine)" title="Spectrum (magazine)">Spectrum</a> magazine, according to one author.<a href="#cite_note-8">[8]</a>

One scholar wrote in 2001:

"It is only within the last few decades that the <a href="Adventist_Review" class="mw-redirect" title="Adventist Review">Adventist Review</a> has recognized editorially that there exists within the Seventh-day Adventist Church, at least in North America, 'liberals,' 'liberal churches,' 'liberal colleges/universities' and 'liberal conferences.' Depending on the author and his/her agenda, Adventist liberals are compared and/or contrasted with 'conservative Adventists,' 'historic Adventists,' 'Bible-believing (or <a href="Ellen_G._White" title="Ellen G. White">EGW</a>-believing) Adventists,' 'traditional Adventists,' 'evangelical Adventists,' 'cultural Adventists,' and/or 'ecumenical Adventists.'"<a href="#cite_note-Madelynn2001-9">[9]</a>

</blockquote>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Beliefs_and_practices">Beliefs and practices</h2></div>

Progressives tend to agree on some beliefs, but differ or have a greater variation on others. According to one author, Progressive Adventism "regrets the anti-intellectual, authoritarian and obscurant tendencies that characterize a significant segment of traditional, historic Adventism, along with the attempts at creating a creed out of the "27 Fundamental Doctrines"."<a href="#cite_note-Madelynn2001-9">[9]</a>

Ron Corson identifies four common areas of progressive belief:<a href="#cite_note-Corson-10">[10]</a>

<ul><li>Investigative judgment. A different view of the <a href="Investigative_judgment" title="Investigative judgment">investigative judgment</a>, or a denial of its biblical basis.</li>

<li>Remnant. An inclusion of other Christians in the term <a href="Remnant_(Adventist)" class="mw-redirect" title="Remnant (Adventist)">remnant</a>.</li>

<li>Ellen White. A less rigid view of the <a href="Inspiration_of_Ellen_White" class="mw-redirect" title="Inspiration of Ellen White">Inspiration of Ellen White</a> that may recognize her fallibility or express skepticism of her prophetic abilities.</li>

<li>Sabbath. Progressive Adventists tend not to hold to the traditional view of Sabbath as a Holy day of worship, but emphasize some of the positive aspects of Sabbath such as it being made for human benefit (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.biblica.com/bible/?osis=niv:Mark%202:27">Mark 2:27</a>), and deny that Sunday-keeping is or will be the <a href="Mark_of_the_beast" class="mw-redirect" title="Mark of the beast">mark of the beast</a>.<a href="#cite_note-11">[11]</a></li></ul>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Origins">Origins</h3></div>

Progressive Adventists tend to challenge traditional teachings such as <a href="Young_Earth_creationism" title="Young Earth creationism">young Earth creationism</a> and some have accepted <a href="Old_Earth_creationism" title="Old Earth creationism">old Earth creationism</a> or <a href="Evolutionary_creationism" class="mw-redirect" title="Evolutionary creationism">evolutionary creationism</a>.<a href="#cite_note-atoday.org-5">[5]</a>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Church_structure">Church structure</h3></div>

Progressive Adventists typically believe the present church structure is very "top heavy" with too many levels of leadership, and possibly too much hierarchical control.<a href="#cite_note-Madelynn2001-9">[9]</a> Many mainstream Adventists such as <a href="George_R._Knight" title="George R. Knight">George Knight</a> have also called for change in this area.<a href="#cite_note-12">[12]</a>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Free_press">Free press</h3></div>

Progressive Adventists tend to believe there should be candid reporting of news and information about the church whether positive or negative. They believe in open discussion in a free press.<a href="#cite_note-Madelynn2001-9">[9]</a> This view is also shared by many more mainstream Adventists such as former editors of the Australian Record James Coffin<a href="#cite_note-13">[13]</a> and Bruce Manners.

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Music">Music</h3></div>

Progressive Adventists are typically open to a variety of styles of worship music in church, including <a href="Contemporary_Christian_music" title="Contemporary Christian music">contemporary Christian music</a>.<a href="#cite_note-14">[14]</a><a href="#cite_note-15">[15]</a>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Movie_theaters">Movie theaters</h3></div>

Progressives typically disregard the church's stand on movie theater attendance. For instance, the adventist publication Spectrum does reviews of movies and TV shows.<a href="#cite_note-16">[16]</a>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Varieties_of_evangelical/progressive_Adventism">Varieties of evangelical/progressive Adventism</h2></div>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Cultural_Adventism">Cultural Adventism</h3></div>

<div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="Cultural_Christian" class="mw-redirect" title="Cultural Christian">Cultural Christian</a></div>

A similar group have been referred to as "cultural Adventists".<a href="#cite_note-17">[17]</a> This term may be used by Adventists who are not overly concerned with theology, such as evangelical Kenneth Samples' description of "a segment that is atheological in nature and reflects what [he] would call a cultural Adventism."<a href="#cite_note-Samples_QOD-18">[18]</a> It may also refer to those who feel an attachment towards the Adventist church for cultural reasons only rather than beliefs or strict theological conformity.

Clifford Goldstein has declared,

<dl><dd>"A cultural Adventist? The concept's incomprehensible to me... I'm an Adventist for one reason: the beliefs, the teachings, the doctrines that this church—and this church alone—espouses. If it were not for them, I'd be gone faster than the junk food at church <a href="Potluck" title="Potluck">potlucks</a>. The Seventh-day Adventist culture had nothing to do with bringing me here. On the contrary, coming as I did from a <a href="Jewish_secularism" title="Jewish secularism">secular Jewish</a> background, the culture was the biggest obstacle."<a href="#cite_note-19">[19]</a></dd></dl>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Charismatic_Adventism">Charismatic Adventism</h3></div>

<div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="Charismatic_Adventism" title="Charismatic Adventism">Charismatic Adventism</a></div>

While Adventist <a href="Christian_worship" title="Christian worship">church worship</a> is commonly conservative, a few minor segments in their history may be looked at as <a href="Charismatic_Christianity" title="Charismatic Christianity">charismatic</a> in nature. Phenomena of this nature have been present throughout <a href="History_of_the_Seventh-day_Adventist_Church" title="History of the Seventh-day Adventist Church">Adventist history</a>, resulting in such things as the <a href="Holy_Flesh_movement" title="Holy Flesh movement">Holy Flesh movement</a> which Ellen White strongly rebuked."<a href="#cite_note-20">[20]</a>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Liberal_Adventism">Liberal Adventism</h3></div>

The term liberal Adventist or left-wing Adventist usually means "progressive Adventist" (the preferred self-designation; see <a href="#Evangelical_Adventism">above</a>).<a href="#cite_note-Madelynn2001-9">[9]</a><a href="#cite_note-Nonfundamentalist-21">[21]</a> This is appropriate because most progressive Adventists are still "<a href="Conservatism" title="Conservatism">conservative</a>" or <a href="Evangelicalism" title="Evangelicalism">evangelical</a> Christians. For example most do believe in the <a href="Resurrection_of_Jesus" title="Resurrection of Jesus">resurrection of Jesus</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Corson-10">[10]</a> They do not hold to a "<a href="Libertine" title="Libertine">libertine</a>" or "anything goes" attitude which the term "liberal" sometimes implies.<a href="#cite_note-Madelynn2001-9">[9]</a> A number of Progressive Adventists are actually <a href="Liberal_Christianity" title="Liberal Christianity">liberal Christians</a>, accepting such things as <a href="Homosexuality" title="Homosexuality">homosexuality</a> and even support for LGBTQ individuals at the college and university level.<a href="#cite_note-22">[22]</a>

According to evangelical Kenneth Samples, "It should also be mentioned that, though small, there was and is a segment in Adventism which could be described as being theologically liberal" or even "very liberal".<a href="#cite_note-Samples_CRI-23">[23]</a><a href="#cite_note-Samples_QOD-18">[18]</a> He claims it rejects Christ's vicarious <a href="Substitutionary_atonement" title="Substitutionary atonement">substitutionary atonement</a>.

Ron Corson wrote,<a href="#cite_note-Corson-10">[10]</a><blockquote>[Progressive Adventists] could be termed liberal, except that the term 'liberal Christian' generally refers to those who don't believe that Christ was resurrected nor that he <a href="Miracles_attributed_to_Jesus" class="mw-redirect" title="Miracles attributed to Jesus">performed miracles</a>, and who hold other tenets with which most Progressive SDA's would not agree. These 'liberals' are often involved in the <a href="Jesus_Seminar" title="Jesus Seminar">Jesus Seminars</a>.</blockquote>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Social_action">Social action</h3></div>

Many Progressive Adventists describe themselves as "liberal" to mean they are liberal or <a href="Left-wing_politics" title="Left-wing politics">left-wing politically</a>, and have a concern for political or social justice action.<a href="#cite_note-24">[24]</a>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Other_terms">Other terms</h3></div>

Also compare to the "<a href="Evangelical_left" title="Evangelical left">Evangelical left</a>" and "<a href="Progressive_Christianity" title="Progressive Christianity">Progressive Christianity</a>". Also compare to the "<a href="Christian_left" title="Christian left">Christian/religious left</a>" (although this term is associated with <a href="Left-wing_politics" title="Left-wing politics">left-wing politics</a>).

Other terms such as ecumenical Adventist and evangelical Adventist have been used, with presumably related meaning.<a href="#cite_note-Nonfundamentalist-21">[21]</a> (Compare the much broader movements "<a href="Ecumenism" title="Ecumenism">Ecumenism</a>" and "<a href="Evangelicalism" title="Evangelicalism">Evangelicalism</a>" within Christianity as a whole).

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Moves_toward_mainstream_Christianity">Moves toward mainstream Christianity</h3></div>

The 1957 publication of <a href="Questions_on_Doctrine" title="Questions on Doctrine">Questions on Doctrine</a> (QOD) as a result of dialog with critic <a href="Walter_Ralston_Martin" title="Walter Ralston Martin">Walter Martin</a> is seen as a beginning for Progressive Adventism. According to one author, the roots of evangelical Adventism can be traced to scholars who met with Martin and <a href="Donald_Barnhouse" title="Donald Barnhouse">Barnhouse</a>,<a href="#cite_note-Samples_CRI-23">[23]</a> or earlier.<a href="#cite_note-Samples_QOD-18">[18]</a> "The seeds of this movement were sown within the denomination via the book QOD in 1957, and the seed-plot was watered by the public ministries of such men as R. A. Anderson, <a href="Robert_Brinsmead" title="Robert Brinsmead">Robert Brinsmead</a>, <a href="Desmond_Ford" title="Desmond Ford">Desmond Ford</a>, Smuts van Rooyen, and others."<a href="#cite_note-25">[25]</a><a href="#cite_note-26">[26]</a> This book precipitated the different factions. The movement emerged with Ford and Brinsmead as its main spokesmen.<a href="#cite_note-Samples_CRI-23">[23]</a> Brinsmead changed his stance while Desmond Ford openly differed with several church viewpoints in the 1970s., echoing some of the ideas of A.F. Ballenger.<a href="#cite_note-27">[27]</a> Many liberals left the church in this period and liberals still follow and cite his viewpoints.

According to one author, Progressives reject the mainstream views on and are united by belief in the pre-fallen nature of Jesus (and hold he was primarily our substitute not our example), assurance of salvation without sanctification, that overcoming sin or perfectionism is impossible, that Jesus ascended straight to the Most Holy Place rather the Holy Place in the tabernacle in heaven at his ascension (although opinions varied on a <a href="Pre-advent_judgment" title="Pre-advent judgment">pre-advent judgment</a>), that Ellen White had the gift of prophecy but was not infallible nor should be used for doctrine.<a href="#cite_note-Samples_CRI-23">[23]</a>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Media">Media</h2></div>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Operational">Operational</h3></div>

<div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="Spectrum_(magazine)" title="Spectrum (magazine)">Spectrum (magazine)</a></div>

<div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"Adventist Heritage" redirects here; not to be confused with <a href="Adventist_Heritage_Ministry" title="Adventist Heritage Ministry">Adventist Heritage Ministry</a>.</div>

Progressive Adventists, such as Raymond Cottrell, were responsible for the progressive-leaning <a href="Spectrum_(magazine)" title="Spectrum (magazine)">Spectrum</a> (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080409215700/http://www.spectrummagazine.org/spectrum_magazine_archive">archives</a>), a <a href="Newsmagazine" class="mw-redirect" title="Newsmagazine">newsmagazine</a> published by <a href="Adventist_Forums" class="mw-redirect" title="Adventist Forums">Adventist Forums</a>, that has been the premier independent Adventist magazine since its founding in 1969. In addition to its quarterly journal, Spectrum also runs a regularly updated website with news and analysis on developments within the Church and other areas. Progressive Adventists also established Adventist Today (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060624002956/http://www.atoday.com/magazine/archive/">archives</a>), a bimonthly magazine first published in 1993. In 2008 Adventist Today made a renewed commitment to reporting on a greater diversity of Adventist views.

Also started by Progressives was Adventist Heritage: A Journal of Adventist History (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100922104326/http://archives.llu.edu/colls/advhert/">archives</a>), "which provided an important liberal platform"<a href="#cite_note-Lockhart-28">[28]</a> from 1974 to 1998 in roughly 18 volumes.<a href="#cite_note-29">[29]</a> It was supported by the <a href="Association_of_Seventh-day_Adventist_Historians" class="mw-redirect" title="Association of Seventh-day Adventist Historians">Association of Seventh-day Adventist Historians</a> and other groups.<a href="#cite_note-30">[30]</a> Gary Land was a founding editor,<a href="#cite_note-31">[31]</a> as was <a href="Ronald_Numbers" title="Ronald Numbers">Ronald Numbers</a>. <a href="Jonathan_M._Butler" class="mw-redirect" title="Jonathan M. Butler">Jonathan M. Butler</a> served as editor for a decade.<a href="#cite_note-32">[32]</a> Published twice yearly, it was acquired by Loma Linda University.<a href="#cite_note-33">[33]</a>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Historical">Historical</h3></div>

<div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="Present_Truth_Magazine" class="mw-redirect" title="Present Truth Magazine">Present Truth Magazine</a> and <a href="Evangelica" title="Evangelica">Evangelica</a></div>

A number of Progressive Adventist publications have gone out of print in the last number of years. These include <a href="Present_Truth_Magazine" class="mw-redirect" title="Present Truth Magazine">Present Truth Magazine</a> (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.presenttruthmag.com/archive/archive.htm">archives</a>) founded by Robert Brinsmead in 1972 with a grace/gospel-centered focus. In 1978 Brinsmead changed its title to Verdict, to reflect his move away from evangelical Christianity. The material on the Present Truth Magazine website is produced by the "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.presenttruthmag.com/gospelfriends/gospelfriends.htm">Gospel Friends Christian Fellowship</a>", which they explain to be an association of evangelical Seventh-day Adventists. It does not necessarily represent Brinsmead's current views.<a href="#cite_note-34">[34]</a> 52 issues were apparently published.<a href="#cite_note-35">[35]</a>

The Good News Unlimited magazine (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.goodnewsunlimited.org/magazine.cfm?index=1">archives</a>) is published by Desmond Ford's ministry of the same name. It began in 1981 as a bimonthly, switched to monthly publication in mid-2003, and continues to be published as of 2008.<a href="#cite_note-36">[36]</a> A related magazine is Good News for Adventists.

Adventist Professional was an Australian magazine published quarterly from 1989 to 1999 by the Association of Business and Professional Members (formerly "[...] Men") based in <a href="Sydney" title="Sydney">Sydney</a>, an organization of Australia and <a href="New_Zealand" title="New Zealand">New Zealand</a> Adventist business and professional laypeople established in 1961.<a href="#cite_note-Lib_AP-37">[37]</a><a href="#cite_note-38">[38]</a> Eleven volumes were published,<a href="#cite_note-Lib_AP-37">[37]</a> and Trevor Lloyd is a former editor.<a href="#cite_note-39">[39]</a>

The magazine Adventist Currents (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hacksplace.com/magazine.html">archives</a>) was published from 1983 to 1988 in California<a href="#cite_note-40">[40]</a><a href="#cite_note-Lib_AC-41">[41]</a> as a response to Ford's dismissal.<a href="#cite_note-42">[42]</a> Three volumes totaling 11 issues were published,<a href="#cite_note-Lib_AC-41">[41]</a> as well as several issues of a newsletter in 1990.<a href="#cite_note-43">[43]</a>

The magazine <a href="Evangelica" title="Evangelica">Evangelica</a> was published from 1980 until 1987 in 8 volumes<a href="#cite_note-Andrews-44">[44]</a> and promoted the cause of evangelical Adventism.<a href="#cite_note-45">[45]</a><a href="#cite_note-46">[46]</a><a href="#cite_note-TIME-47">[47]</a> It was started in reaction to Desmond Ford's dismissal from the ministry.

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Organizations_and_Conferences">Organizations and Conferences</h2></div>

Some claim that numerous Adventist conferences and meetings have a progressive flavor. Possibly see also the International Conference on Innovation.<a href="#cite_note-48">[48]</a><a href="#cite_note-49">[49]</a>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Adventist_Society_for_Religious_Studies">Adventist Society for Religious Studies</h3></div>

<div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="Adventist_Society_for_Religious_Studies" class="mw-redirect" title="Adventist Society for Religious Studies">Adventist Society for Religious Studies</a></div>

The <a href="Adventist_Society_for_Religious_Studies" class="mw-redirect" title="Adventist Society for Religious Studies">Adventist Society for Religious Studies</a> (ASRS) is a scholarly organization committed to the exploration of progressive religious issues and ideas in contrast to its more conservative spinoff group, the <a href="Adventist_Theological_Society" class="mw-redirect" title="Adventist Theological Society">Adventist Theological Society</a>. ASRS meets in conjunction with the annual meetings of the <a href="American_Academy_of_Religion" title="American Academy of Religion">American Academy of Religion</a> and the <a href="Society_of_Biblical_Literature" title="Society of Biblical Literature">Society of Biblical Literature</a>.

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Adventist_Forum_Conference">Adventist Forum Conference</h3></div>

<div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="Adventist_Forums" class="mw-redirect" title="Adventist Forums">Adventist Forums § Conference</a></div>

Adventist Forum, publisher of Spectrum magazine and the Spectrum website, hosts an annual conference. <a href="Adventist_Forums" class="mw-redirect" title="Adventist Forums">Adventist Forum</a> groups meet regularly around the world.

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Adventist_Today_Conference">Adventist Today Conference</h3></div>

The publishers of the magazine Adventist Today held its first conference in 1998, a camp meeting in <a href="Riverside%2C_California" title="Riverside, California">Riverside, California</a>.<a href="#cite_note-50">[50]</a>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Spiritual_Renaissance_Retreat">Spiritual Renaissance Retreat</h3></div>

The Spiritual Renaissance Retreat was an annual event (1994–2013) hosted by John and Joan Hughson of <a href="Pacific_Union_College" title="Pacific Union College">Pacific Union College</a> Church,<a href="#cite_note-:0-51">[51]</a> and co-sponsored by Adventist Forum and Adventist Today.<a href="#cite_note-52">[52]</a> Held in <a href="Monterey%2C_California" title="Monterey, California">Monterey</a>, California, it was based partly on the annual retreat concept popularized by <a href="Bill_Clinton" title="Bill Clinton">Bill Clinton</a>.<a href="#cite_note-53">[53]</a> The featured speaker in 2008 was former Adventist Desmond Ford of Good News Unlimited.<a href="#cite_note-:0-51">[51]</a>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Relations_with_others">Relations with others</h2></div>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Relations_with_other_Christians">Relations with other Christians</h3></div>

<div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="Seventh-day_Adventist_interfaith_relations" title="Seventh-day Adventist interfaith relations">Seventh-day Adventist interfaith relations</a></div>

Progressive Adventists claim that they display an open and inclusive attitude towards other Christians and other beliefs and doctrines that differ from the Adventist church. Other Christians such as <a href="Tony_Campolo" title="Tony Campolo">Tony Campolo</a> has had positive experiences speaking on numerous Adventist university campuses.<a href="#cite_note-54">[54]</a> <a href="Clark_Pinnock" title="Clark Pinnock">Clark Pinnock</a> gave very favourable reviews of <a href="Alden_Thompson" title="Alden Thompson">Alden Thompson</a>'s Inspiration, despite the significant attention given to Ellen White in the content, and Richard Rice's theology textbook Reign of God.<a href="#cite_note-55">[55]</a> Pinnock was also impressed by Richard Rice's book The Openness of God, and later was the editor for another work of the same name, contributed by authors Rice, <a href="John_E._Sanders" title="John E. Sanders">John E. Sanders</a> and others.

The evangelical <a href="Christian_Research_Institute" title="Christian Research Institute">Christian Research Institute</a> has offered "a hand of fellowship and encouragement" to what they describe as Evangelical Adventism.<a href="#cite_note-Samples_CRI-23">[23]</a>

Progressive Adventists claim they are supportive or appreciate those statements by Ellen White which affirm other Christians, such as the instruction to come near to ministers of other denominations, to pray with and for them.<a href="#cite_note-56">[56]</a>

Some authors report increased mixing of Progressive Adventists joining with other Christians worshiping on Sunday rather than the Sabbath. For instance in North America, "It's not uncommon to find a member in church on Sabbath morning who, on another day, joins a study group of a different denomination or no denomination."<a href="#cite_note-Four_Big_Questions-57">[57]</a>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Criticism">Criticism</h3></div>

/* start https://en.wikipedia.org/ */

.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}

/* end https://en.wikipedia.org/ */

</style>

Clifford Goldstein has criticized cultural Adventists and the Adventist left, as described above. He had a blog on the Adventist Today website for nearly one year.<a href="#cite_note-58">[58]</a> He applies an Ellen White quote to liberal Adventists, "We have far more to fear from within than from without."<a href="#cite_note-59">[59]</a><a href="#cite_note-Within-60">[60]</a> <a href="Samuel_Koranteng-Pipim" title="Samuel Koranteng-Pipim">Samuel Koranteng-Pipim</a> displays a strong concern about liberal Adventist scholars.<a href="#cite_note-61">[61]</a> By <a href="Alden_Thompson" title="Alden Thompson">Alden Thompson</a>'s count, "The footnotes label some 66 Adventist scholars, authors, administrators as being on the wrong side of the divide."<a href="#cite_note-62">[62]</a> Former <a href="List_of_Presidents_of_the_General_Conference_of_Seventh-day_Adventists" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Presidents of the General Conference of Seventh-day Adventists">General Conference president</a> <a href="Robert_S._Folkenberg" title="Robert S. Folkenberg">Robert S. Folkenberg</a> wrote "Will the real evangelical Adventist please stand up?"<a href="#cite_note-63">[63]</a> An article in Proclamation!, a magazine produced by former Adventists critical of Adventism, criticizes progressive Adventism in particular, claiming that evangelicalism and Adventism are incompatible.<a href="#cite_note-64">[64]</a> The authors of <a href="Seeking_a_Sanctuary" title="Seeking a Sanctuary">Seeking a Sanctuary</a> have argued that a common theology keeps Adventists together. They claim religions usually remain unified by ethnicity, but this doesn't hold for Adventism which they consider culturally diverse.<a href="#cite_note-65">[65]</a> Former Adventist J. Mark Martin gave talks entitled, "An Evangelical Adventist?"<a href="#cite_note-66">[66]</a> Andy Nash encountered some within the Adventist Today and Spectrum groups who had a liberal view of Scripture. Some rejected the Bible's position on homosexuality, or believed Adam and Eve or <a href="Daniel_(biblical_figure)" title="Daniel (biblical figure)">Daniel</a> were not real people. He commented,<blockquote>Do you see the irony here? At times, this movement has struggled to make room for those who took a high view of Scripture, who grappled with the biblical text but arrived at different conclusions. Yet today we have "thought leaders" willing to set aside major teachings of Scripture altogether.</blockquote>He argues for an atmosphere of tolerance of different perspectives, as long as there is respect for the authority of the Bible.<a href="#cite_note-67">[67]</a>

One book claims qualities of liberal "break-off congregations" as having the following:

"1. Call your congregation something besides 'Seventh-day Adventist.'"

"2. Mute and muffle distinctive Adventist doctrines."

"3. And don't call the SDA Church 'the remnant.'"

"4. Downplay our well-defined and long-held standards."

"5. Keep the tithes and offerings in your own congregation."

"6. Reduce Ellen White's role merely to 'wise old woman.'"

"7. Resist any authority from the conference level or higher."<a href="#cite_note-68">[68]</a>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="University_controversies">University controversies</h3></div>

Progressive Adventists claim they believe in academic freedom for church theologians and scientists,<a href="#cite_note-Madelynn2001-9">[9]</a> and claim that church administrators are generally more conservative, which has led to differences of opinion with the more liberal academics. The Spectrum editors have said, "Every ten years or so another <a href="Witch_hunt" title="Witch hunt">witch hunt</a> occurs" in Adventist higher education.<a href="#cite_note-witchhunts-69">[69]</a>

Adventist historian <a href="Michael_W._Campbell" title="Michael W. Campbell">Michael W. Campbell</a> observes that Adventist "history teachers and the use of <a href="Historical_method" title="Historical method">historical method</a> became especially suspect as Adventism became more Fundamentalist during the 1920s," during which time its history teachers were "on the front line of those who were pushed out of the church".<a href="#cite_note-70">[70]</a> According to Terrie Dopp Aamodt, one of the first major "purges" was at Walla Walla College in 1938.<a href="#cite_note-witchhunts-69">[69]</a>

<a href="Raymond_Cottrell" title="Raymond Cottrell">Raymond Cottrell</a>, who some see as a "progressive Adventist", as he disagreed with certain traditional positions of the church, including the <a href="Investigative_judgment" title="Investigative judgment">investigative judgment</a>,<a href="#cite_note-Cottrell-71">[71]</a> claims that for the first hundred years in the Seventh-day Adventist Church, scholars did not control the church's theology and sees the 1930s and perhaps earlier as a time church administrators effectively controlled theology, and the 1950s as a time of openness.<a href="#cite_note-Cottrell-71">[71]</a> <a href="F._D._Nichol" class="mw-redirect" title="F. D. Nichol">F. D. Nichol</a> stated that the Seventh-day Adventist Bible Commentary would not have been possible without the theologically open climate in the church during the 1950s and 60s.<a href="#cite_note-72">[72]</a> In the early 1980s, the presidents of <a href="Southern_Missionary_College" class="mw-redirect" title="Southern Missionary College">Southern Missionary College</a> and Pacific Union College were given leave of absence, after criticisms.<a href="#cite_note-witchhunts-69">[69]</a> The 1980 Adventist Review article "Colleges in Trouble" by editor <a href="Kenneth_H._Wood" title="Kenneth H. Wood">Kenneth Wood</a>,<a href="#cite_note-73">[73]</a> was seen by some as a contributing factor. Employees were fired at Southern.<a href="#cite_note-74">[74]</a> Jerry A. Gladson, a lecturer was dismissed by the church.<a href="#cite_note-75">[75]</a>

A few scholars went against proposals to introduce centralized oversight of theological education, such as former <a href="List_of_Presidents_of_the_General_Conference_of_Seventh-day_Adventists" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Presidents of the General Conference of Seventh-day Adventists">General Conference president</a> <a href="Robert_S._Folkenberg" title="Robert S. Folkenberg">Robert Folkenberg</a>'s "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.adventist.org/beliefs/other_documents/other_doc7.html">Total Commitment to God</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20091020183455/http://www.adventist.org/beliefs/other_documents/other_doc7.html">Archived</a> 2009-10-20 at the <a href="Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>" initiative in 1996, and Folkenberg's action to establish an overseeing "Board of Ministerial and Theological Education" in every Division of the church to oversee its theological seminaries "evoked significant criticism in some areas, including North America",<a href="#cite_note-76">[76]</a> which was put on hold.<a href="#cite_note-CT-77">[77]</a> There was concern over the document "International Coordination and Supervision of Seventh-day Adventist Ministerial and Theological Education".<a href="#cite_note-78">[78]</a>

See also <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060226122004/http://www.atoday.com/142.0.html">2003 Conference on Religious and Theological Education</a>. <a href="Alden_Thompson" title="Alden Thompson">Alden Thompson</a> and John Brunt at what is now <a href="Walla_Walla_University" title="Walla Walla University">Walla Walla University</a>, "continued to promote the virtues of reason",<a href="#cite_note-79">[79]</a> prompting an official investigation of the educational institution.<a href="#cite_note-80">[80]</a>

Progressive Adventists have been involved in or have even begun controversies over origins or creation/evolution. Since 2009, Adventist members <a href="La_Sierra_University#2009_evolution_controversy" title="La Sierra University">criticised La Sierra University</a> because some lecturers have allegedly affirmed biological evolution which met with criticism from pastor <a href="David_Asscherick" title="David Asscherick">David Asscherick</a>, and others such as on the website "Educate Truth" founded by graduate Shane Hilde.<a href="#cite_note-81">[81]</a> As of 2009, church and university leaders had declined to discipline those involved.<a href="#cite_note-witchhunts-69">[69]</a><a href="#cite_note-82">[82]</a><a href="#cite_note-83">[83]</a><a href="#cite_note-84">[84]</a> General Conference president <a href="Jan_Paulsen" title="Jan Paulsen">Jan Paulsen</a> made "An Appeal" for the affirmation of the traditional Adventist belief supporting Creation, but also gave support of the work of Adventist lecturers.<a href="#cite_note-85">[85]</a> The board of trustees of the university affirmed creationism.<a href="#cite_note-86">[86]</a> The debate was reported in the Adventist Review in 2010.<a href="#cite_note-87">[87]</a> <a href="Larry_Geraty" title="Larry Geraty">Lawrence T. Geraty</a>, president of La Sierra University (1993–2007), stated, "LSU continues to be a sound, loyal Seventh-day Adventist institution where victories for Christ happen every day."<a href="#cite_note-88">[88]</a> Ricardo Graham, chair of the La Sierra Board of Trustees (2008–2021) affirmed the university and its commitment to a "recent six-day creation."<a href="#cite_note-89">[89]</a>

See the 1987 official church statement "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://circle.adventist.org/files/CD2008/CD2/www.adventist.org/beliefs/statements/main_stat36.html">A Statement on Theological and Academic Freedom and Accountability</a>".

/* start https://en.wikipedia.org/ */

.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}

/* end https://en.wikipedia.org/ */

</style>

<ul><li><a href="Charismatic_Adventism" title="Charismatic Adventism">Charismatic Adventism</a></li>

<li><a href="Emerging_church" title="Emerging church">Emerging church</a></li>

<li><a href="Historic_Adventism" title="Historic Adventism">Historic Adventism</a></li>

<li><a href="Liberal_Christianity" title="Liberal Christianity">Liberal Christianity</a></li>

<li><a href="Progressive_Christianity" title="Progressive Christianity">Progressive Christianity</a></li>

<li><a href="Postmodern_Christianity" class="mw-redirect" title="Postmodern Christianity">Postmodern Christianity</a></li>

<li><a href="Sabbath_in_seventh-day_churches" title="Sabbath in seventh-day churches">Sabbath in seventh-day churches</a></li>

<li><a href="Seventh-day_Adventist_education" title="Seventh-day Adventist education">Seventh-day Adventist education</a></li>

<li><a href="Seventh-day_Adventist_theology" title="Seventh-day Adventist theology">Seventh-day Adventist theology</a></li>

<li><a href="Seventh-day_Adventist_worship" class="mw-redirect" title="Seventh-day Adventist worship">Seventh-day Adventist worship</a></li>

<li><a href="Spectrum_(magazine)" title="Spectrum (magazine)">Spectrum (magazine)</a></li></ul>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div>

/* start https://en.wikipedia.org/ */

.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}

/* end https://en.wikipedia.org/ */

</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width reflist-columns-2">

/* start https://en.wikipedia.org/ */

.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("./mw/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("./mw/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("./mw/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("./mw/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}

/* end https://en.wikipedia.org/ */

</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://spectrummagazine.org/views/2018/we-can-be-progressive-adventists-without-exploiting-anti-catholic-feelings">"We Can be Progressive Adventists without Exploiting Anti-Catholic Feelings"</a>. 20 September 2018.</cite>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-2"><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a> <cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://atoday.org/the-problem-of-progressive-adventists/">"The Problem of Progressive Adventists"</a>. 3 January 2012.</cite>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-3"><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a> <cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://record.adventistchurch.com/2019/11/01/two-false-teachings/">"Two false teachings"</a>.</cite>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-4"><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a> <cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130903163304/http://www.atsjats.org/site/1/podcast/06_Trinity_Moon_Quest_Biblical_Trinity.mp3">"Atsjats.org"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://atsjats.org/site/1/podcast/06_Trinity_Moon_Quest_Biblical_Trinity.mp3">the original</a> on 2013-09-03. Retrieved 2010-08-21.</cite>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-atoday.org-5">^ <a href="#cite_ref-atoday.org_5-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-atoday.org_5-1">b</a> <cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://atoday.org/adventist-tomorrow-7b-grown-up-creationism/">"Adventist Tomorrow #7b: Grown-Up Creationism"</a>. August 2018.</cite>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-6"><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a> Brenton Reading, "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.spectrummagazine.org/blog/2010/07/09/summer_reading_group_deep_church">Summer Reading Group: Deep Church</a>". Spectrum Blog, 10 July 2010. Quote: "It should be evident that there are many similarities between the Emerging Church and Progressive Adventism as well as between the Traditional Evangelical Church and Traditional Adventism." "It was in the order of God that Christ should take upon Ηimself the form and nature of fallen man, that He might be made perfect through suffering, and Himself endure the strength of Satan's fierce temptation, that He might understand how to succour those that should be tempted (Spirit of Prophecy, Vol. 2, p. 39"

</li>

<li id="cite_note-7"><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ellenwhitedefend.com/SOP-Library/THE">Unknown</a>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-8"><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a> <cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170302215147/http://research.avondale.edu.au/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1312&context=teach">"Understanding History: Seventh-day Adventists and their Perspectives"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://research.avondale.edu.au/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1312&context=teach">the original</a> on 2017-03-02.</cite>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-Madelynn2001-9">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Madelynn2001_9-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Madelynn2001_9-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Madelynn2001_9-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Madelynn2001_9-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Madelynn2001_9-4">e</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Madelynn2001_9-5">f</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Madelynn2001_9-6">g</a> <cite id="CITEREFJones-Haldeman2001" class="citation journal cs1">Jones-Haldeman, Madelynn (September 2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081006165124/http://www.atoday.com/magazine/2001/09/progressive-adventism">"Progressive Adventism"</a>. Adventist Today. 9 (5). <a href="Loma_Linda%2C_California" title="Loma Linda, California">Loma Linda</a>, <a href="California" title="California">CA</a>: Adventist Today Foundation. <a href="ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1079-5499">1079-5499</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.atoday.com/magazine/2001/09/progressive-adventism">the original</a> on October 6, 2008. Retrieved 2007-11-20.</cite>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-Corson-10">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Corson_10-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Corson_10-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Corson_10-2">c</a> <cite id="CITEREFCorson2002" class="citation journal cs1">Corson, Ron (November–December 2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080305012831/http://www.atoday.com/magazine/2002/11/progressive-and-traditional-adventists-examined">"Progressive and Traditional Adventists Examined"</a>. Adventist Today. 10 (6). <a href="Loma_Linda%2C_California" title="Loma Linda, California">Loma Linda</a>, <a href="California" title="California">CA</a>: Adventist Today Foundation: 18–19. <a href="ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1079-5499">1079-5499</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.atoday.com/magazine/2002/11/progressive-and-traditional-adventists-examined">the original</a> on 2008-03-05. Retrieved 2008-11-20.</cite> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071108225007/http://newprotestants.com/traditio.htm">Unedited version</a>, and <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080703172113/http://newprotestants.com/Manifesto.htm">manifesto</a> on Corson's website

</li>

<li id="cite_note-11"><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a> <cite id="CITEREFRon_Corson" class="citation journal cs1">Ron Corson. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080305012831/http://www.atoday.com/magazine/2002/11/progressive-and-traditional-adventists-examined">"Progressive and Traditional Adventists Examined"</a>. Adventist Today. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.atoday.com/magazine/2002/11/progressive-and-traditional-adventists-examined">the original</a> on 2008-03-05. Retrieved 2010-08-24.</cite> <code class="cs1-code">{{cite journal}}</code>: Cite journal requires <code class="cs1-code">|journal=</code> (help)

</li>

<li id="cite_note-12"><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a> <cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://spectrummagazine.org/views/2020/paradox-conservative-adventism">"The Paradox of Conservative Adventism"</a>. 18 June 2020.</cite>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-13"><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a> James Coffin, A Different Church for a Different World, p.23 (probably also published in the Adventist Review)

</li>

<li id="cite_note-14"><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a> <cite class="citation journal cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081120085309/http://www.atoday.com/magazine/2001/09/beating-upbeat-music">"Beating Up on Upbeat Music"</a>. Adventist Today. 9 (5). <a href="Loma_Linda%2C_California" title="Loma Linda, California">Loma Linda</a>, <a href="California" title="California">CA</a>: Adventist Today Foundation. September 2001. <a href="ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1079-5499">1079-5499</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.atoday.com/magazine/2001/09/beating-upbeat-music">the original</a> on 2008-11-20. Retrieved 2007-11-20.</cite>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-15"><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a> "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20070624024929/http://www.atoday.com/magazine/1997/03/when-ck-isnt-calvin-klein-0">When cK isn't Calvin Klein</a>" by Alissa Rouse, who describes attending an <a href="Audio_Adrenaline" title="Audio Adrenaline">Audio Adrenaline</a> concert.

</li>

<li id="cite_note-16"><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a> <cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://spectrummagazine.org/arts-essays/film-tv-movies">"Arts & Essays: Film, TV & Movies"</a>. <a href="Spectrum_(magazine)" title="Spectrum (magazine)">Spectrum</a>. Retrieved 2018-11-30.</cite>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-17"><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a> <cite id="CITEREFErvin2005" class="citation journal cs1">Ervin, Taylor (January 2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070824202316/http://www.atoday.com/magazine/2005/01/interview">"An Interview with Clifford Goldstein"</a>. Adventist Today. 13 (1). <a href="Loma_Linda%2C_California" title="Loma Linda, California">Loma Linda</a>, <a href="California" title="California">CA</a>: Adventist Today Foundation. <a href="ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1079-5499">1079-5499</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.atoday.com/magazine/2005/01/interview">the original</a> on 2007-08-24. Retrieved 2007-11-21.</cite>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-Samples_QOD-18">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Samples_QOD_18-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Samples_QOD_18-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Samples_QOD_18-2">c</a> Samples, Kenneth (2007). "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://qod.andrews.edu/docs/08_kenneth_samples.pdf">Evangelical Reflections on Seventh-day Adventism: Yesterday and Today</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110719135143/http://qod.andrews.edu/docs/08_kenneth_samples.pdf">Archived</a> 2011-07-19 at the <a href="Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>". <a href="Questions_on_Doctrine#50th_anniversary_conference" title="Questions on Doctrine">Questions on Doctrine 50th anniversary conference</a>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-19"><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a> <cite id="CITEREFGoldstein2005" class="citation journal cs1"><a href="Clifford_Goldstein" title="Clifford Goldstein">Goldstein, Clifford</a> (April 28, 2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071024174804/http://www.adventistreview.org/2005-1517/story4.html">"Cultural Adventists"</a>. <a href="Adventist_Review" class="mw-redirect" title="Adventist Review">Adventist Review</a>. 182. <a href="Washington%2C_D.C." title="Washington, D.C.">Washington, D.C.</a>: <a href="Review_and_Herald_Publishing_Association" title="Review and Herald Publishing Association">Review and Herald</a>: 17. <a href="ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0161-1119">0161-1119</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.adventistreview.org/2005-1517/story4.html">the original</a> on October 24, 2007. Retrieved 2007-11-21.</cite>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-20"><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a> <cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://sdadefend.com/Defend-foundation/counsel-Celebation.htm">"Counsels on the Celebration Church"</a>. sdadefend.com.</cite>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-Nonfundamentalist-21">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Nonfundamentalist_21-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Nonfundamentalist_21-1">b</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.atoday.com/magazine/archive/2001/sepoct2001/articles/taylor.shtml">Progressive Adventism: A Nonfundamentalist Vision</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070626151810/http://www.atoday.com/magazine/archive/2001/sepoct2001/articles/taylor.shtml">Archived</a> 2007-06-26 at the <a href="Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> by Ervin Taylor

</li>

<li id="cite_note-22"><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a> <cite id="CITEREFRobertson2017" class="citation news cs1">Robertson, Kaitlyn (2017-12-07). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171212031738/http://chronicle.ink/2017/12/07/puc-bill-to-expand-lbgt-representation/">"PUC Bill to Expand LBGT Representation"</a>. Campus Chronicle - Pacific Union College. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://chronicle.ink/2017/12/07/puc-bill-to-expand-lbgt-representation/">the original</a> on 2017-12-12. Retrieved 2017-12-11.</cite>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-Samples_CRI-23">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Samples_CRI_23-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Samples_CRI_23-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Samples_CRI_23-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Samples_CRI_23-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Samples_CRI_23-4">e</a> <cite id="CITEREFSamples1988" class="citation journal cs1">Samples, Kenneth R. (Summer 1988). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.iclnet.org/pub/resources/text/cri/cri-jrnl/web/crj0005b.html">"From Controversy to Crisis: An Updated Assessment of Seventh-day Adventism"</a>. Christian Research Journal. 11 (1). <a href="San_Juan_Capistrano%2C_California" title="San Juan Capistrano, California">San Juan Capistrano, California</a>: <a href="Christian_Research_Institute" title="Christian Research Institute">Christian Research Institute</a>: 9–?. <a href="ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1082-572X">1082-572X</a>. Retrieved 2007-11-21.</cite>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-24"><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a> <cite id="CITEREFGessel,_Tom2014" class="citation journal cs1">Gessel, Tom (October 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151125225057/http://spectrummagazine.org/print/6360">"I'm a Democrat Because of My Adventist Faith"</a>. Spectrum. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://spectrummagazine.org/print/6360">the original</a> on 2015-11-25. Retrieved 2015-11-25.</cite>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-25"><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a> Alan Crandall, "Whither Evangelical Adventism". <a href="Evangelica" title="Evangelica">Evangelica</a>, May 1982, 23; as quoted by Samples

</li>

<li id="cite_note-26"><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a> For information on Rooyen, see <cite id="CITEREFGraybill1991" class="citation journal cs1"><a href="Ronald_Graybill" class="mw-redirect" title="Ronald Graybill">Graybill, Ronald</a> (December 1991). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100625222009/http://spectrummagazine.org/files/archive/archive21-25/21-5graybill.pdf#page=5">"Where Are They Now? The Movers, The Shakers, And The Shaken"</a> (PDF). <a href="Spectrum_(magazine)" title="Spectrum (magazine)">Spectrum</a>. 21 (5). <a href="Roseville%2C_California" title="Roseville, California">Roseville</a>, <a href="California" title="California">California</a>: <a href="Adventist_Forums" class="mw-redirect" title="Adventist Forums">Adventist Forums</a>. <a href="ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0890-0264">0890-0264</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://spectrummagazine.org/files/archive/archive21-25/21-5graybill.pdf#page=5">the original</a> (<a href="Portable_Document_Format" class="mw-redirect" title="Portable Document Format">PDF</a>) on 2010-06-25. Retrieved 2008-09-22.</cite> (see p22–23)

</li>

<li id="cite_note-27"><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a> <cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20091015055653/http://www.lmn.org/magazine/169/Ballenger.html">"LMN.org"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lmn.org/magazine/169/Ballenger.html">the original</a> on October 15, 2009.</cite>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-Lockhart-28"><a href="#cite_ref-Lockhart_28-0">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071225223426/http://progressiveadventism.com/2007/01/05/interlogue-3-keith-lockhart/">Interview</a> of Keith Lockhart by Julius Nam. Lockhart is the coauthor of <a href="Seeking_a_Sanctuary" title="Seeking a Sanctuary">Seeking a Sanctuary</a> with Malcolm Bull

</li>

<li id="cite_note-29"><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a> <cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060902192348/http://0-astatine.llu.edu.catalog.llu.edu/documents.asp?CatID=3">"Adventist Archives - Documents"</a>. 0-astatine.llu.edu.catalog.llu.edu. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://0-astatine.llu.edu.catalog.llu.edu/documents.asp?CatID=3">the original</a> on September 2, 2006.</cite>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-30"><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a> <cite id="CITEREFFay1979" class="citation journal cs1">Fay, Jocelyn (January 1979). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081013023513/http://spectrummagazine.org/files/archive/archive06-10/9-4fay.pdf">"Seventh-day Adventist Professional Organizations"</a> (PDF). <a href="Spectrum_(magazine)" title="Spectrum (magazine)">Spectrum</a>. 9 (4). <a href="Roseville%2C_California" title="Roseville, California">Roseville</a>, <a href="California" title="California">California</a>: <a href="Adventist_Forums" class="mw-redirect" title="Adventist Forums">Adventist Forums</a>: 10–16. <a href="ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0890-0264">0890-0264</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://spectrummagazine.org/files/archive/archive06-10/9-4fay.pdf">the original</a> (PDF) on 2008-10-13. Retrieved 2008-04-15.</cite>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-31"><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a> Historical Dictionary of Seventh-day Adventists by Gary Land, p421

</li>

<li id="cite_note-32"><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a> The Disappointed: Millerism and Millenarianism in the Nineteenth Century, edited by Ronald L. Numbers and Jonathan M. Butler

</li>

<li id="cite_note-33"><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a> Adventist Review <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.adventistarchives.org/docs/RH/RH1975-27/index.djvu">July 3, 1975</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110724225132/http://www.adventistarchives.org/docs/RH/RH1975-27/index.djvu">Archived</a> July 24, 2011, at the <a href="Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, p19

</li>

<li id="cite_note-34"><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.presenttruthmag.com/charter.htm">Charter Statement</a> of Present Truth Magazine. Accessed 2007-11-21

</li>

<li id="cite_note-35"><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.presenttruthmag.com/archive/archive.htm">Archives</a> of Present Truth Magazine

</li>

<li id="cite_note-36"><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://jewel.andrews.edu/record=b1423349">Good News Unlimited entry</a> in the <a href="Andrews_University" title="Andrews University">Andrews University</a> library catalog. Also <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.goodnewsunlimited.org/magazine.cfm?index=1">archives</a>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-Lib_AP-37">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Lib_AP_37-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Lib_AP_37-1">b</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://jewel.andrews.edu/record=b1711629~S9">Adventist Professional entry</a> in the <a href="Andrews_University" title="Andrews University">Andrews University</a> library catalog

</li>

<li id="cite_note-38"><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a> For additional resources see: "SDA women become involved in renamed ABPM" [Association of Business and Professional Members]. <a href="Record_(magazine)" class="mw-redirect" title="Record (magazine)">Record</a> 15 December 1990, v95, p12. "Magazine encourages discussion" by Trevor G. Lloyd. Record 25 July 1992, v97, p12. "Magazine tackles hard issues" by Wal Simmonds. Record 9 March 1996, v101, p11. "Adventist Professional folds". Record 20 November 1999, v104, p4

</li>

<li id="cite_note-39"><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://old.spectrummagazine.org/onlinecommunity/authors/index.html">Authors</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080513214603/http://old.spectrummagazine.org/onlinecommunity/authors/index.html">Archived</a> 2008-05-13 at the <a href="Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> in Spectrum. Accessed 2008-04-15

</li>

<li id="cite_note-40"><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a> <a href="Seeking_a_Sanctuary%3A_Seventh-day_Adventism_and_the_American_Dream" class="mw-redirect" title="Seeking a Sanctuary: Seventh-day Adventism and the American Dream">Seeking a Sanctuary: Seventh-day Adventism and the American Dream</a>, p323

</li>

<li id="cite_note-Lib_AC-41">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Lib_AC_41-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Lib_AC_41-1">b</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://jewel.andrews.edu/record=b1452473">Adventist Currents</a> entry in the <a href="Andrews_University" title="Andrews University">Andrews University</a> library catalog

</li>

<li id="cite_note-42"><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a> "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://h0bbes.wordpress.com/2006/10/24/the-israel-dammon-trial/">The Israel Dammon Trial</a>" blog post by Adventist lecturer Jeff Crocombe

</li>

<li id="cite_note-43"><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://jewel.andrews.edu/record=b1452474">Adventist currents: the newsletter</a> entry in the Andrews University library catalog

</li>

<li id="cite_note-Andrews-44"><a href="#cite_ref-Andrews_44-0">^</a> <cite id="CITEREFEvangelica_Ministry1980" class="citation book cs1">Evangelica Ministry, ed. (1 January 1980). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://jewel.andrews.edu/record=b1671023">Evangelica</a>. Evangelica Ministry – via jewel.andrews.edu Library Catalog.</cite>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-45"><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a> <cite id="CITEREFTarling1981" class="citation book cs1">Tarling, Lowell R. (1981). The Edges of Seventh-day Adventism: A Study of Separatist Groups Emerging from the Seventh-day Adventist Church (1844–1980). Barragga Bay, <a href="Bermagui%2C_New_South_Wales" title="Bermagui, New South Wales">Bermagui</a> South, <a href="New_South_Wales" title="New South Wales">NSW</a>: Galilee Publications. p. 230. <a href="ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <bdi>0-9593457-0-1</bdi>.</cite>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-46"><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a> Leaving the Adventist Ministry: A Study of the Process of Exiting by Peter H. Ballis, p3

</li>

<li id="cite_note-TIME-47"><a href="#cite_ref-TIME_47-0">^</a> <cite id="CITEREFOstlingJim_CastelliDick_Thompson1982" class="citation magazine cs1"><a href="Richard_Ostling" class="mw-redirect" title="Richard Ostling">Ostling, Richard N.</a>; Jim Castelli; Dick Thompson (1982-08-02). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20121209043657/http://www.time.com/time/printout/0,8816,925600,00.html">"The Church of Liberal Borrowings"</a>. <a href="Time_(magazine)" title="Time (magazine)">Time</a>. <a href="Time_Inc." title="Time Inc.">Time Inc.</a> <a href="ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0040-781X">0040-781X</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.time.com/time/printout/0,8816,925600,00.html">the original</a> on December 9, 2012. Retrieved 2007-10-22.</cite>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-48"><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a> <cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090629041434/http://www.spectrummagazine.org/articles/spectrum_interview/2009/06/25/innovative_adventism">"Innovative Adventism"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.spectrummagazine.org/articles/spectrum_interview/2009/06/25/innovative_adventism">the original</a> on 2009-06-29. Retrieved 2009-10-15.</cite>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-49"><a href="#cite_ref-49">^</a> "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.spectrummagazine.org/articles/column/2009/10/22/can_we_adventists_learn_others">Can We Adventists Learn from Others?</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20091123223711/http://www.spectrummagazine.org/articles/column/2009/10/22/can_we_adventists_learn_others">Archived</a> 2009-11-23 at the <a href="Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>" by Loren Seibold. Spectrum blog, c. 23 October 2009

</li>

<li id="cite_note-50"><a href="#cite_ref-50">^</a> <cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20101209123831/http://atoday.com/magazine/1998/03/adventist-today-holds-campmeeting-0">"Atoday.com"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.atoday.com/magazine/1998/03/adventist-today-holds-campmeeting-0">the original</a> on 2010-12-09.</cite>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-:0-51">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_51-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_51-1">b</a> <cite id="CITEREFSahlin2013" class="citation web cs1">Sahlin, Monte (6 December 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://atoday.org/spiritual-renaissance-retreat-marks-20-years-with-what-may-be-final-weekend/">"Spiritual Renaissance Retreat Marks 20 Years with What May Be Final Weekend"</a>. Adventist Today.org.</cite>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-52"><a href="#cite_ref-52">^</a> "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20070624024929/http://www.atoday.com/magazine/1997/01/families-retreat-reflect-new-year-0">Families Retreat to Reflect on New Year</a>". Adventist Today 5:1. See also "Fourth Spiritual Renaissance Retreat a success" Pacific Union Recorder June 1, 1998, p29

</li>

<li id="cite_note-53"><a href="#cite_ref-53">^</a> "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.atoday.com/magazine/2004/05/spiritual-renaissance-retreat">The Spiritual Renaissance Retreat</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081012185443/http://www.atoday.com/magazine/2004/05/spiritual-renaissance-retreat">Archived</a> 2008-10-12 at the <a href="Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>" by David Pendleton. Adventist Today May-Jun 2004, p9

</li>

<li id="cite_note-54"><a href="#cite_ref-54">^</a> Tony Campolo, foreword to Adventism for a New Generation by Steve Daily

</li>

<li id="cite_note-55"><a href="#cite_ref-55">^</a> Pinnock, Clark H. "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://spectrummagazine.org/spectrum/archive16-20/18-3reviews.pdf">Rice's Reign of God: An SDA Theology for the Masses?</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070927001919/http://spectrummagazine.org/spectrum/archive16-20/18-3reviews.pdf">Archived</a> September 27, 2007, at the <a href="Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>" (review of Richard Rice, The reign of God: an introduction to Christian theology from a Seventh-day Adventist perspective) in Spectrum 18:3 (1988), p. 56–58

</li>

<li id="cite_note-56"><a href="#cite_ref-56">^</a> <cite id="CITEREFThompson1993" class="citation journal cs1"><a href="Alden_Thompson" title="Alden Thompson">Thompson, Alden</a> (September 1993). "The Great Controversy is Dated but True". Adventist Today. 1 (3). <a href="Loma_Linda%2C_California" title="Loma Linda, California">Loma Linda</a>, <a href="California" title="California">CA</a>: Adventist Today Foundation: 14–15, 19. <a href="ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1079-5499">1079-5499</a>.</cite> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.atoday.com/files/Vol_1_No_3.pdf#page=14">Whole magazine issue</a> (6Mb). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://people.wwc.edu/staff/thomal/text/articles/the_gc_is_dated_but_true.rtf">RTF version of article only</a> from Thompson's website. Thompson claims mainstream Adventism has this perspective, on p15

</li>

<li id="cite_note-Four_Big_Questions-57"><a href="#cite_ref-Four_Big_Questions_57-0">^</a> <a href="William_G._Johnsson" title="William G. Johnsson">William G. Johnsson</a>, "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.adventistreview.org/article.php?id=538">Four Big Questions</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111017185524/http://www.adventistreview.org/article.php?id=538">Archived</a> 2011-10-17 at the <a href="Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>". Adventist Review 183 (May 25, 2006), p8–13

</li>

<li id="cite_note-58"><a href="#cite_ref-58">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.atoday.com/blog/70">Blogs</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090523121411/http://atoday.com/blog/70">Archived</a> 2009-05-23 at the <a href="Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> by Clifford Goldstein on the Adventist Today website. His first blog was "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.atoday.com/content/the-great-controversy-unlikely-source">The Great Controversy From an Unlikely Source</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100117052532/http://atoday.com/content/the-great-controversy-unlikely-source">Archived</a> 2010-01-17 at the <a href="Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>", 11 May 2008; and his last, "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.atoday.com/content/objective-truth">Objective Truth</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090523160722/http://atoday.com/content/objective-truth">Archived</a> 2009-05-23 at the <a href="Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>" on 15 March 2009

</li>

<li id="cite_note-59"><a href="#cite_ref-59">^</a> 1SM 122.3

</li>

<li id="cite_note-Within-60"><a href="#cite_ref-Within_60-0">^</a> "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.atoday.com/content/more-fear-within">More To Fear From Within</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090717015329/http://www.atoday.com/content/more-fear-within">Archived</a> 2009-07-17 at the <a href="Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>" by Clifford Goldstein. Adventist Today blog, 1 November 2008

</li>

<li id="cite_note-61"><a href="#cite_ref-61">^</a> <cite id="CITEREFKoranteng-Pipim1996" class="citation book cs1"><a href="Samuel_Koranteng-Pipim" title="Samuel Koranteng-Pipim">Koranteng-Pipim, Samuel</a> (1996). Receiving the Word: How New Approaches to the Bible Impact Our Biblical Faith and Lifestyle. <a href="Berrien_Springs%2C_Michigan" title="Berrien Springs, Michigan">Berrien Springs</a>, <a href="Michigan" title="Michigan">MI</a>: Berean Books. pp. 198–200. <a href="ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <bdi>1-890014-00-1</bdi>. <a href="OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/36080195">36080195</a>.</cite> See particularly the section "Liberals are not bad people" on pages 198-200

</li>

<li id="cite_note-62"><a href="#cite_ref-62">^</a> <cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070927215340/http://people.wwc.edu/staff/thomal/unpub/futur_adventism.htm">"AldenThompson.com"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://people.wwc.edu/staff/thomal/unpub/futur_adventism.htm">the original</a> on 2007-09-27.</cite>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-63"><a href="#cite_ref-63">^</a> Adventist Review 174, 3 April 1997, p16–19

</li>

<li id="cite_note-64"><a href="#cite_ref-64">^</a> "Giving up the family altar" by Ramone Romero. Proclamation! <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://lifeassuranceministries.org/Proclamation2007_MayJun.pdf#page=18">May/June 2007</a>, p18

</li>

<li id="cite_note-65"><a href="#cite_ref-65">^</a> <cite id="CITEREFDiller2008" class="citation journal cs1">Diller, Lisa Clark (January–February 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080130074441/http://www.atoday.com/magazine/2008/01/bull%E2%80%99s-and-lockhart%E2%80%99s-challenge-adventist-progressives">"Bull's and Lockhart's Challenge to Adventist Progressives"</a>. Adventist Today. 16 (1). <a href="Loma_Linda%2C_California" title="Loma Linda, California">Loma Linda</a>, <a href="California" title="California">CA</a>: Adventist Today Foundation: 9. <a href="ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1079-5499">1079-5499</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.atoday.com/magazine/2008/01/bull%E2%80%99s-and-lockhart%E2%80%99s-challenge-adventist-progressives">the original</a> on January 30, 2008. Retrieved 2008-01-13.</cite> See possibly Julius Nam, "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160117204045/http://progressiveadventism.com/2006/12/22/all-that-jazz-about-theology-what-is-the-tie-that-binds-adventism/">All That Jazz about Theology: What Is the Tie That Binds Adventism?</a>". Blog entry, 22 December 2006

</li>

<li id="cite_note-66"><a href="#cite_ref-66">^</a> <cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.exadventist.com/Home/Audio/tabid/57/Default.aspx">"Audio"</a>. www.exadventist.com.</cite>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-67"><a href="#cite_ref-67">^</a> Andy Nash, "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.adventistreview.org/issue.php?issue=2010-1511&page=18">Meet @ the Text: The Case for a Strong Adventist Center</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100917183844/http://adventistreview.org/issue.php?issue=2010-1511&page=18">Archived</a> 2010-09-17 at the <a href="Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>". Adventist Review 187 (April 15, 2010), p18–21. Article featured on magazine cover

</li>

<li id="cite_note-68"><a href="#cite_ref-68">^</a> Philip W. Dunham with Maylan Schurch, Blinded by the Light: The Anatomy of Apostasy. Hagerstown, MD: Review and Herald, 2001, p155–156

</li>

<li id="cite_note-witchhunts-69">^ <a href="#cite_ref-witchhunts_69-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-witchhunts_69-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-witchhunts_69-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-witchhunts_69-3">d</a> "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://spectrummagazine.org/blog/2009/05/29/unravaling_witch_hunt_la_sierra_under_seige">Unraveling a Witch Hunt: La Sierra Under Siege</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090601092137/http://spectrummagazine.org/blog/2009/05/29/unravaling_witch_hunt_la_sierra_under_seige">Archived</a> 2009-06-01 at the <a href="Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>" by the Spectrum editors, in the Spectrum blog, 29 May 2009

</li>

<li id="cite_note-70"><a href="#cite_ref-70">^</a> Michael W. Campbell, "The 1919 Bible Conference and Its Significance for Seventh-day Adventist History and Theology". PhD dissertation, Seventh-day Adventist Theological Seminary, Andrews University, 2008, p. 190. As quoted elsewhere.

</li>

<li id="cite_note-Cottrell-71">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Cottrell_71-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Cottrell_71-1">b</a> "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20091212014052/http://www.jesusinstituteforum.org/AssetOrLiability.html">The 'Sanctuary Doctrine' – Asset or Liability?</a>" by <a href="Raymond_Cottrell" title="Raymond Cottrell">Raymond Cottrell</a>, presented publicly in 2001 and 2002

</li>

<li id="cite_note-72"><a href="#cite_ref-72">^</a> <cite id="CITEREFCottrell1985" class="citation journal cs1"><a href="Raymond_Cottrell" title="Raymond Cottrell">Cottrell, Raymond</a> (August 1985). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110728044652/http://spectrummagazine.org/files/archive/archive16-20/16-3cottrell.pdf">"The Untold Story of the Bible Commentary"</a> (PDF). <a href="Spectrum_(magazine)" title="Spectrum (magazine)">Spectrum</a>. 16 (3). <a href="Roseville%2C_California" title="Roseville, California">Roseville</a>, <a href="California" title="California">California</a>: <a href="Adventist_Forums" class="mw-redirect" title="Adventist Forums">Adventist Forums</a>: 35–51. <a href="ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0890-0264">0890-0264</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://spectrummagazine.org/files/archive/archive16-20/16-3cottrell.pdf">the original</a> (PDF) on 2011-07-28. Retrieved 2008-11-20.</cite>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-73"><a href="#cite_ref-73">^</a> "Colleges in Trouble" by Kenneth H. Wood. Adventist Review 157 (February 21, 1980), p3

</li>

<li id="cite_note-74"><a href="#cite_ref-74">^</a> See the section "Adventist Colleges Under Siege" of Spectrum issue <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.spectrummagazine.org/spectrum/issue/vol_13_no_2_dec_1982">13:2 (December 1982)</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110728050641/http://spectrummagazine.org/spectrum/issue/vol_13_no_2_dec_1982">Archived</a> 2011-07-28 at the <a href="Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>; <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.spectrummagazine.org/blog/2009/06/02/1982_%E2%80%93_adventist_colleges_under_siege_%E2%80%93_report_southern_college">one article reprint</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090608212616/http://www.spectrummagazine.org/blog/2009/06/02/1982_%E2%80%93_adventist_colleges_under_siege_%E2%80%93_report_southern_college">Archived</a> 2009-06-08 at the <a href="Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> on the Spectrum blog with an introduction by Bonnie Dwyer, 2 June 2009

</li>

<li id="cite_note-75"><a href="#cite_ref-75">^</a> Gladson describes conflict with administrators over the sanctuary in A Theologian's Journey from Seventh-day Adventism to Mainstream Christianity, 2001; <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ratzlaf.com/tj.html">one webpage</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081020040423/http://www.ratzlaf.com/tj.html">Archived</a> 2008-10-20 at the <a href="Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.atoday.com/magazine/1995/11/difficult-time-and-enormous-loss-case-jerry-gladson-0">Difficult Time and Enormous Loss: The Case of Jerry Gladson</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20101209084819/http://atoday.com/magazine/1995/11/difficult-time-and-enormous-loss-case-jerry-gladson-0">Archived</a> 2010-12-09 at the <a href="Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>" by Gary Patterson; Adventist Today 3:6 (November 1995); also "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.atoday.com/magazine/1995/11/adventist-exile-0">An Adventist in Exile</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20101209084742/http://atoday.com/magazine/1995/11/adventist-exile-0">Archived</a> 2010-12-09 at the <a href="Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>" by Gladson, from the same issue. "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://spectrummagazine.org/files/archive/archive21-25/21-5gladson.pdf">Convert to Scholar: An Odyssey in Humility</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110728044710/http://spectrummagazine.org/files/archive/archive21-25/21-5gladson.pdf">Archived</a> 2011-07-28 at the <a href="Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>" by Gladson, Spectrum 21:5 (December 1991), p43–51. See also <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20120712035443/http://jewel.andrews.edu:82/search/aGladson+Jerry">Articles by Gladson</a> and <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20120713170027/http://jewel.andrews.edu:82/search/dGladson+Jerry">about Gladson</a> as cataloged in the Seventh-day Adventist Periodical Index (SDAPI)

</li>

<li id="cite_note-76"><a href="#cite_ref-76">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.tagnet.org/adventist.fm/review5.htm">Man on the Move</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070927014056/http://www.tagnet.org/adventist.fm/review5.htm">Archived</a> 2007-09-27 at the <a href="Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> by Bill Knott

</li>

<li id="cite_note-CT-77"><a href="#cite_ref-CT_77-0">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.christianitytoday.com/ct/1999/april5/9t4020.html">Besieged President Resigns</a> by Mark A. Kellner. <a href="Christianity_Today" title="Christianity Today">Christianity Today</a>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-78"><a href="#cite_ref-78">^</a> Douglas Morgan, "Targeting Higher Education" Spectrum 29:4 (2001): 69–73. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.atoday.com/magazine/archive/1999/janfeb1999/news/GCSetsStandards.shtml">GC (General Conference) Sets Standards for Ministerial and Theologic Education</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081204151947/http://www.atoday.com/magazine/archive/1999/janfeb1999/news/GCSetsStandards.shtml">Archived</a> 2008-12-04 at the <a href="Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> See a response "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://circle.adventist.org/files/jae/jae199860042406.pdf">Toward Spiritual Assessment in Seventh-day Adventist Colleges and Universities</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071011152418/http://circle.adventist.org/files/jae/jae199860042406.pdf">Archived</a> 2007-10-11 at the <a href="Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>" by Duane C. McBride, which appeared in the April/May 1998 issue of <a href="Adventist_Education" class="mw-redirect" title="Adventist Education">Adventist Education</a>.

</li>

<li id="cite_note-79"><a href="#cite_ref-79">^</a> Seeking a Sanctuary, 332

</li>

<li id="cite_note-80"><a href="#cite_ref-80">^</a> Adventist Today <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.atoday.com/content/vol-6-no-1">6:1 (January–February 1998)</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20101214041704/http://atoday.com/content/vol-6-no-1">Archived</a> 2010-12-14 at the <a href="Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> issue. Includes "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.atoday.com/magazine/1998/01/wwc-religion-faculty-exonerated-0">WWC Religion Faculty Exonerated</a>" by Amy Fisher. See also "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.spectrummagazine.org/files/archive/archive26-30/26-3watts.pdf">Walla Walla Religion Faculty Under Fire</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110728044614/http://www.spectrummagazine.org/files/archive/archive26-30/26-3watts.pdf">Archived</a> 2011-07-28 at the <a href="Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>" by Rosemary Bradley Watts. Spectrum 26:3 (September 1997)

</li>

<li id="cite_note-81"><a href="#cite_ref-81">^</a> David Olson, "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pe.com/localnews/inland/stories/PE_News_Local_S_lasierra06.47b3990.html">More than 5,600 people sign petition in favor of creationism</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110715060655/http://www.pe.com/localnews/inland/stories/PE_News_Local_S_lasierra06.47b3990.html">Archived</a> 2011-07-15 at the <a href="Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>". <a href="The_Press-Enterprise_(California)" class="mw-redirect" title="The Press-Enterprise (California)">The Press-Enterprise</a> November 6, 2009

</li>

<li id="cite_note-82"><a href="#cite_ref-82">^</a> The website LaSierraUniversity.net is critical. Sean Pitman, whose website is DetectingDesign.com, is one critic: see also "Fundamentalist Creationist Gets Lukewarm Reception at La Sierra University" by Ervin Taylor, Adventist Today.

</li>

<li id="cite_note-83"><a href="#cite_ref-83">^</a> A sequel to the Witch Hunt blog is "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.spectrummagazine.org/blog/2009/06/04/its_really_attack_adventist_higher_education">Perhaps It Really Is About Adventist Higher Ed</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090609053509/http://www.spectrummagazine.org/blog/2009/06/04/its_really_attack_adventist_higher_education">Archived</a> 2009-06-09 at the <a href="Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>" by Alexander Carpenter. Spectrum blog, 4 June 2009

</li>

<li id="cite_note-84"><a href="#cite_ref-84">^</a> "Educate Truth" articles by Jared Wright, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.spectrummagazine.org/blog/2009/06/10/educate_truth_part_one">part one</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090617235702/http://www.spectrummagazine.org/blog/2009/06/10/educate_truth_part_one">Archived</a> 2009-06-17 at the <a href="Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> and <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.spectrummagazine.org/blog/2009/06/12/educate_truth_part_two">part two</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090616195826/http://www.spectrummagazine.org/blog/2009/06/12/educate_truth_part_two">Archived</a> 2009-06-16 at the <a href="Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. Later "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.spectrummagazine.org/blog/2009/09/10">Educate Truth and Consequences</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110728052248/http://spectrummagazine.org/blog/2009/09/10">Archived</a> 2011-07-28 at the <a href="Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>", 11 September 2009 by Wright

</li>

<li id="cite_note-85"><a href="#cite_ref-85">^</a> "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.adventist.org/2009/06/paulsen-speaks-on-is.html">Paulsen speaks on issue of origins</a>". <a href="Adventist_News_Network" class="mw-redirect" title="Adventist News Network">Adventist News Network</a>, June 19, 2009. "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.adventist.org/statements/an-appeal.html">An Appeal</a>" by Jan Paulsen, Adventist News Network

</li>

<li id="cite_note-86"><a href="#cite_ref-86">^</a> "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lasierra.edu/index.php?id=1975">La Sierra University Board of Trustees Affirms University’s Support for Church’s Creation Doctrine</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100527090001/http://www.lasierra.edu/index.php?id=1975">Archived</a> 2010-05-27 at the <a href="Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>". La Sierra University website, accessed May 2010

</li>

<li id="cite_note-87"><a href="#cite_ref-87">^</a> Mark A. Kellner, "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.adventistreview.org/article.php?id=3227">Evolution Controversy Stirs La Sierra Campus</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100529025557/http://www.adventistreview.org/article.php?id=3227">Archived</a> 2010-05-29 at the <a href="Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>". Adventist Review (March 25, 2010)

</li>

<li id="cite_note-88"><a href="#cite_ref-88">^</a> Lawrence T. Geraty, "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.spectrummagazine.org/blog/2010/05/27/there_more_la_sierra_story">There Is More to the La Sierra Story</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100607083042/http://www.spectrummagazine.org/blog/2010/05/27/there_more_la_sierra_story">Archived</a> 2010-06-07 at the <a href="Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>". Spectrum Blog 28 May 2010. Quote continues, "I wish its critics would also circulate the fact that enrollment (including in biology) is at an all time high. It continues to send out student missionaries and baptize students (the latest group this last weekend), defend the church and stand for truth around the world, including in many professional settings where the Michigan Conference would not be recognized nor have a voice, etc."

</li>

<li id="cite_note-89"><a href="#cite_ref-89">^</a> Ricardo Graham, <a href="Pacific_Union_Recorder" class="mw-redirect" title="Pacific Union Recorder">Pacific Union Recorder</a> July 2010

</li>

</ol></div>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Other_sources">Other sources</h2></div>

<ul><li><cite id="CITEREFMalcolm_Bull_and_Keith_Lockhart2006" class="citation book cs1">Malcolm Bull and Keith Lockhart (2006). "Education". Seeking a Sanctuary: Seventh-day Adventism and the American Dream (2nd ed.). <a href="Bloomington%2C_Indiana" title="Bloomington, Indiana">Bloomington</a>, <a href="Indiana" title="Indiana">Indiana</a>: <a href="Indiana_University_Press" title="Indiana University Press">Indiana University Press</a>. pp. 315–32. <a href="ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <bdi>978-0-253-21868-1</bdi>.</cite></li>

<li><cite id="CITEREFTarling1981" class="citation book cs1">Tarling, Lowell R. (1981). "Evangelical Adventists". The Edges of Seventh-day Adventism: A Study of Separatist Groups Emerging from the Seventh-day Adventist Church (1844–1980). Barragga Bay, <a href="Bermagui%2C_New_South_Wales" title="Bermagui, New South Wales">Bermagui</a> South, <a href="New_South_Wales" title="New South Wales">NSW</a>: Galilee Publications. pp. 222–35. <a href="ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <bdi>0-9593457-0-1</bdi>.</cite></li>

<li>Dale Ratzlaff, The Cultic Doctrine of Seventh-day Adventists, 1996, p333–337</li>

<li>"<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20101209133146/http://atoday.com/magazine/1998/05/liberals-and-conservatives-0">'Liberals' and 'Conservatives'</a>" by John McLarty in Adventist Today <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070912011813/http://www.atoday.com/magazine/1998/05">6:3</a>, p.</li>

<li>"<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080130074446/http://www.atoday.com/magazine/2008/01/caught-middle">Caught in the Middle</a>" by Dennis Hokama</li>

<li>"<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20101209153321/http://atoday.com/magazine/2002/07/non-fundamentalist-adventism">Non-Fundamentalist Adventism</a>" by John McLarty. Adventist Today 10:4</li>

<li>Matt Burdette, "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20130415212155/http://www.spectrummagazine.org/blog/2010/03/25/shape_progressive_orthodoxy_part_1_7">The Shape of Progressive Orthodoxy</a>". Spectrum Blog, 25 March 2010</li></ul></div><div><div class="zim-footer">

This article is issued from <a class="external text" title="Last edited on 2025-07-29" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/?title=Progressive_Adventism&oldid=1303192200">Wikipedia</a>. The text is available under <a class="external text" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en">Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 4.0</a> unless otherwise noted. Additional terms may apply for the media files.

</div>

</div></div>

</div>

</main>

</div>

</body></html>